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Commonly Confused: imply/infer

Although she never states that she does not like her brother, the author infers in her book that they did not have a good relationship.

This sentence contains an error in diction. “Infer” has been used in place of “imply.”

“Infer” means “to draw a conclusion based on given information.”

“Imply” means “to indicate without making a direct statement.”

Readers and listeners — people who receive information — infer and make inferences.

Writers and speakers — people who give information — imply and make implications.

In the sample sentence, an author is said to infer something in her writing. This is incorrect. An author implies something in her writing; readers infer something from what they read.

Although she never states that she does not like her brother, the author implies in her book that they did not have a good relationship.

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